Hindustani has two official versions and is a Pluricentric language. Both are in Urdu and Hindi respectively. Sanskrit is their progenitor, but not a straight one.
The differences between Hindi and Urdu are not very significant, but only when speaking informally. There are some variances between the two when comparing their standardized versions. When it comes to lexicon, Hindi is inspired by Sanskrit, but Urdu often adapts Persian and Arabic terms to the language.
Hindi turned more to Sanskrit and added terms from it to its lexicon after the split, while Urdu did the same with Persian and Arabic. According to Wikipedia, the Urdu script is a modified version of the Persian alphabet.
The script doesn't completely match the language because Urdu is an Indo-European language, but so far it hasn't been a major issue.
There is a widespread misunderstanding that Arabic and Persian are the same language. They aren't because Arabic is Semitic while Persian is Indo-European. As a result, Arabic is more similar to other Semitic languages, but Persian also has elements in common with other members of the family. After the invasion of Persia, however, Arabic had a significant impact on Persian. Although many Arabic terms have influenced Persian and the two languages have significant similarities, Persian and Arabic are not mutually understandable. Old Arabic and Old Persian are the ancestors of both Arabic and Persian.
Persian doesn't adhere to the same standards as Arabic in terms of syntax and grammar. It lacks the well-known triconsonantal root that Hebrew and Arabic do. This implies that every term borrowed from Arabic must be changed to match the Persian language. Persian retains the words together and just adds the affixes at the end of them, in contrast to the root found in Arabic.
Persian lacks grammatical gender, whereas Arabic has two (masculine & feminine). Arabic has three grammatical cases, but Persian only has two. Additionally, there are changes in the letters since Persian had to alter some Arabic letters in order to express Persian sounds that Arabic does not have.
P ---- is represented by the symbol ----- Ù¾
CH -- is represented by the symbol ---- Ú†
ZH ------ is represented by the symbol ----- Ú˜
G ---- is represented by ----- Ú¯
And here's how the various writing systems appear:
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